A
access to a lawyer » 188
access to courts » xxxii, 189, 193
access to higher courts » 188
Access to Justice Survey » 137
access to the courts » 185
accountability » 184
state actors » 186
administrative tribunals » 179
adversarial system » 190
alternate dispute resolution (ADR) methods » 179
alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms » 192
Ambedkar » 183
Article 21 of the Constitution
right to life » 197
backlog » 188
backlogs » 179
barriers » xxxi
citizen-centred reforms » xxxii
citizens
delays » 176
civil justice » 188
civil justice process
alternative dispute resolution (ADR) tribunal » 191
civil justice process, National Legal Services Authorities Act » 191
civil matters » 177
Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) » 189
Constitution
Article 32 » 184
Article 38(1) » 183
constitutional ideal of justice » 183
fundamental rights » 184
socio-economic » 184
constitutional justice
corrective aspects » 185
distributive aspects » 185
consumer forums » 202
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 » 197, 198
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 (COPRA) » 202, 203
Consumer Protection Bill, 2015 » 203
corrective justice
domestic violence » 185
cost of delays » xxxii
costs of litigation » 178
criminal cases » 190
criminal justice » 188
criminal justice process » 192
criminal justice system » 185
delay reduction strategies » 188
economic cost » xxxii
enforcing fundamental rights » 184
family courts » 179
Family Courts Act, 1984 » 197
fast-track courts » 179
Forest Rights Act » 179
fundamental rights » 177
gram nyayalayas » xxxii, 197, 198, 199, 203
Nyayadhikaris » 201
Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008 » 197, 198
Human Rights Act, 1993 » 189
idea of justice » 173
democratic states » 173
legally mandated justice » 173
social differences » 174
imagination of justice » 173
state-mandated spheres » 173
Indian judiciary » 183
Indian Penal Code » 200
informal dispute settlements » 178
institutional dimensions » xxxii, 173
institutional ecology » 176
police
first information reports (FIRs) » 176
Jagdalpur Legal Aid group
Bastar » 189
judicial approaches » 186
judicial discourse » 187
Akshardham Temple Attack case » 187
Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 » 187
judicial infrastructure » 174, 175, 176
appointment of judges » 174
budgetary allocations » 175
legal training » 174
judicial process » 137
judicial reform measures » 187, 188, 189
access to courts » 188
court and case management techniques » 186
e-justice apparatus » 187
informal justice mechanisms » 186
Legal Services Authorities » 186
judicial requirements » 174
judicial review » 177
judiciary » 174
justice » 175
citizenship eligibility » 175
civil rights » 175
Constitution » 175
constitutional morality » 175
rule of law » 175
socio-legal epistemologies » 175
Law Commission of India
14th Report » 178
54th Report » 178
114th Report » 198
189th Report on the Revision of the Court Fees Structure » 178
legal aid clinics » 192
legal aid efforts » 188
legal aid lawyer » 190
legal aid services » xxxi
legal literacy » 176
Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 » 197
litigants » 137, 186, 187, 189
perceptions » 137
litigants’ perceptions » 137
Lok Adalats » xxxi, 178, 192, 191
National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reforms » 197
Nyayadhikaris » 201
Nyaya Panchayat » 198
physical access » 197
police system » 174
pro bono work » 190
procedural justice » 179
quality of dispute resolution » 191
rights-based jurisprudence » 177
rights violations » 190
role of the judiciary » 184
Shah Bano case » 177
social empowerment » 184
social movements » 180
socio-economic » 184
socio-legal moralities » 174
special courts » xxxi
Supreme Court of India » 177, 186
survey » xxxii
alternate means of dispute resolution » 139
annual family income » 139
Australia » 164
case-related information » 138
citizen-centric measures » 141
civil disputes » 140
land law reforms » 140
women » 141
civil litigants » 139
civil litigants » 139
cost structures » 138
criminal matters » 140
bail » 140
bailable offences » 140
under-trial prisoners » 140
women » 141
delivery of legal services » 166
district-level courts » 138
England and Wales
Civil and Social Justice Panel Survey (CSJPS) » 166
Civil and Social Justice Survey (CSJS) » 166
civil legal aid expenditure » 167
Community Legal Advice Centres and Networks » 168
Legal Services Commission » 167
Paths to Justice Survey, landmark » 164
Public Legal Education and Support Taskforce (PLEAS) » 167
public legal education initiatives » 167
evidence-based policymaking » 169
experience » 157
findings » 139
judicial reform » 163
justiciable issues » 165
legal aid
National Legal Services Authority Act, 1987 » 139
Legal aid
court-appointed legal services » 140
legal fees » 139
legal needs » 165
litigants » 169
litigants’ background » 141
caste » 141
religion » 141
socio-economic » 141
litigants’ expectations » 139
methodology » 137
randomisation » 138
national legal need surveys » 164
Netherlands » 164
procedures » 166
public policy » 166
reasons for delay » 139
reform debate » 169
response rates » 169
socio-demographic indicators » 138
socio-economic background » 165
survey respondents » 138
training session » 138
women » 140
World Bank » 164
three class judicial system » 192
tribunals » xxxi
United Kingdom » xxxii
Upendra Baxi » 178
Non-State Legal System » 178
violation of rights » 188
Vishaka case » 184
B
Bar » 121
C
Constitution » 48, 49, 52, 65, 66
administration of our law courts » 61
Article 21 » 178
Article 39-A » , 190
Article 39-A » 185
Article 124 » 52
Article 146(3) » 57
Article 216 » 56
Article 226 » 66
Article 229 » 57
Article 229(3) » 57
Article 233(2) » 57
Article 234 » 57
Article 309 » 57
Articles 146 and 229 » 57
Court of law » 122
adjournments » 132
bench clerk » 129
Karnataka Public Service Commission » 130
training » 130
caseload » 132
Civil Court » 131
clients » 127
court clerks » 129
Criminal Court » 131
cross-examination » 122
judge » 126
judges » 132
lawyers » 122
litigator » 127
state police » 132
trial courts » 125
D
analysis » 5
case categorisation index » 18
ease of administration » 22
super categorisation » 18
tax-related » 20
availability » 30
case categorisation » 18
case category » 16
case record » 5
case regrouping » 23
case type comparison » 18
case type lists » 18
case types » 16
analysis » 17
categorisation » 17
High Court of Bombay » 18
High Court of Delhi » 18
writ » 19
cause list » 4
combined case number » 18
court-level data » xxviii
court news » xxviii
ctandardisation
systemic reform » 22
DAKSH data » xxx
DAKSH portal » xxix
data availability in High Courts » 16
data management » 22
recommendations » 22
case types » 35
ecourts.gov.in » 41
e-courts portal » xxviii
e-courts system » xxix
High Court » 5, 15, 30, 31, 35
High Court of Andhra Pradesh » 20
High Court of Karnataka » 18
information and communication technology (ICT) » 38, 39,
judge name » 18
lack of standardisation » 16
management of court budget » 107
National Court Management Systems (NCMS) Committee » 108
National Data Centre » 30
national informatics centre network (NICNET) » 32
National Informatics Centre (NIC) » 26, 27, 30, 31, 36, 72
national judicial data grid (NJDG) » 3, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 41, 108, 192
National System of Judicial Statistics » 108
non-availability » 14
normalisation table » 17
number of judges » 107
order sheets » 15
party name » 18
performance of judges » 107
Planning Commission » 26
sandardise case details » 22
subordinate courts » 35
transfers » 23
variance » 19
verification » 4
writ petitions » 17
cases pending » xxviii
citizen-centred reforms » xxxii
court data » 3
economic cost » xxxii
insufficiency of appointments » 117
pendency » 3
F
Finance Commission » 58
G
Government of India » 59
12th Five Year Plan » 78
budget-making » 81
Finance Commission
13th Finance Commission » 59
Report of the 14th Finance Commission » 59
Ministry of Finance
India Public Finance Statistics » 80
J
Judicial administration » xxix, 65
2014 European Union Justice Scoreboard » 85
administrative expenses
Consolidated Fund of India » 66
appointments » 66
case backlog » 88
case management » 83
Constitution
Seventh Schedule » 56
constitutional scheme » 56
efficiency » 84
High Court of Karnataka
Karnataka High Court Act, 1961 » 66
institutional independence » 88
international experiences » 83
Courts Service Act, 1998 » 84
judges » 60
judicial performance » 83
management and governance » 83
Ministry of Justice » 84
Netherlands
Judicial Organisation Act » 86
National Co-ordination Centre for Mega Cases » 86
output-based budget allocation system » 87
Philippines » 87
quality of justice » 83
Registry » 66
roles of the Governor » 57
South Africa » xxx
Norms and Standards for the Performance of Judicial Functions (NSPJF) » 85
South African Judicial Education Institute » 85
Superior Court Act, 2013 » 85
United Kingdom » xxx
Criminal Practice Directions, 2015 » 88
Criminal Procedure Rules, 2015 » 88
Crown Court Digital Case System (DCS) » 88
Early Guilty Plea Scheme » 88
Judicial performance
European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ) » 107
Global Measures of Court Performance » 106
International Consortium for Court Excellence (ICCE) » 105
International Framework for Court Excellence (IFCE) » 106
areas for court excellence » 106
Judicial reforms » 61
13th Finance Commission » xxx
13th Finance Commission awarded » 78
14th Finance Commission » 78, 81
230th Report of the Law Commission of India » 26
access to justice » xxvii
All India Judges’ Association v. Union of India » 61
alternate dispute resolution mechanisms » 42
alternative dispute resolution (ADR) centres » 60
alternativee dispute resolution methods » 108
alternative means of dispute resolution
negotiation and mediation » 133
appointment of judges » 47
Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 » 104
Bar » 60
basic structure theory » 49, 52
Golaknath case » 48
budget » 58
budgetary process » 75
budgeting » 75
13th Finance Commission » xxx
cases pending » xxviii
case types » 16
cause lists » 4
Chief Justice » xxix, xxx, 61, 69
High Court of Bombay » 113
Chief Justice of India » 49, 50, 51, 56
Chief Justice of the High Court » 56, 57
Civil Procedure Code » 36
collegium » 50, 52, 60, 61, 69
computerisation of courts » xxviii
cost of manpower » 76
court infrastructure » 79
court management system » 26
courts of civil judges » 66
court staff » 79
criminal procedure code » 36
violation of human rights » 58
Department of Justice » 26
disposal » xxviii
disposal-orientedness » 192
docket explosion » 192
Doing Business Report prepared by the World Bank
‘Enforcing Contracts’ » 104
e-Courts Mission Project » 25
e-Courts MMP » 28
Litigant’s Charter » 32
e-Courts Project: Litigants’ Charter » 29
e-courts system » 43
e-courts website » 4
efficiency
e-courts » 25
e-technologies » 193
European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ) » 104
fast track courts » 193
financial autonomy » 58
global benchmarks » 37
Guidelines for the Evaluation of Judicial Performance » 104
hearings » 10
High Court » xxviii, xxix, xxx, 3, 14, 28, 56, 57, 66, 67
High Court judge » xxxi
High Court of Allahabad » 5
High Court of Gujarat » 69
High Court of Jammu and Kashmir » 16
High Court of Karnataka » 7
High Court of Manipur » 16
High Court of Meghalaya » 16
independence » xxix, 48, 49, 50, 51
administrative » 57
information and communication technology (ICT) » 25, 31
information technology » 81
International Framework for Court Excellence (IFCE) » 38
judge » 113
pay scales » 61
transfer » 69
Judges Cases » 47
S.P. Gupta v. President of India » 47
Supreme Court Advocates on Record Association v. Union of India » 47
judges’ workload » 10
judicial administration » xxix, 55
budgets » xxix
constitutional vision » xxx
infrastructure » xxix
management of cases » xxix
workload » xxix
judicial appointments » 49, 50, 67
judicial efficiency » xxviii, xxx
judicial expenditure » 75
judicial independence » 61
judicial infrastructure » 26
computerisation » 26
judicial performance » xxx, xxxi, 103
judicial personnel » 11
judicial proceedings » xxvii
judicial reforms » 55
judicial service centre » 27
judicial workload » 9
JUDINET » 30
jurisdiction » 65
appellate » 66
justice system » xxvii
Karnataka High Court » 65
Kesavananda Bharati case » 48, 49
Law Commission
120th Report » 78
Law Commission of India » 58
127th Report » 77
Law Commission Report
127th Law Commission Report » 79
Law Commission Reports » 197
legal aid » 55
litigant experiences » 193
Lok Adalats » 59
National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (NCRWC) » 58, 59
Financial Autonomy of the Indian Judiciary » 58
National Court Management System » 26
National Court Management System Committee (NCMSC) » xxviii
National Court Management System Committee (NCMSC)
budget » 75
National Judicial Academy » 67
judicial education » 67
National Judicial Appointments Commission » 50
National Judicial Appointments Commission Act, 2014 (NJAC Act) » 47, 48, 55, 104
National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) case » xxvii, xxxi, 52, 103, 105
National Judicial Council » 59
national judicial data grid (NJDG) » xxviii, 39
National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reforms » 26, 80
National Policy and Action Plan for Implementation of Information and Communication Technology » 26
pending cases » xxviii
per capita expenditure » 79
performance of judges » 103
personnel » xxxi
physical infrastructure » 55
powers of superintendence and transfer » 66
proceedings » 122
Project for Information and Communication Technology Enablement of Indian Judiciary » 26
resource constraints » 193
roster system » 69
sanctioned strength of judges » xxviii
Second and Third Judges cases » 48, 55
State Judicial Council » 59
State Public Service Commission » 57
subordinate courts » xxviii, xxxii, 6, 10, 58, 66
subordinate judges » 60
Supreme Court » xxviii, 3, 49, 57, 61
Supreme Court’s budget » 75
trial judge » 122
tribunals » 66
P
Pendency » xxviii, 13, 56, 65, 67
access to justice » xxxi
alternativee dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms » 65
Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 » 73
Arrears Committee (1989–1990) » 25
backlog » 69
benchmarks » 6
case categories » 13
case types
Miscellaneous First Appeals » 7
Writ Petition » 7
citizen-centred reforms » xxxii
civil » 7
Civil Procedure Code, 1908 (CPC) » 71
Computer Committee » 72
court clerk » xxxi
criminal » 7
deferral » 43
delays » xxvii
disposal of cases » 71
disposal rate » 65
frequency of hearings » 11
High Court of Karnataka » 71
2,66,631 cases » 65
Imtiyaz Ahmad v. State of Uttar Pradesh » 71
infrastructure » 58
judge–case ratio » 25
judge–population ratio » 25
judges » xxxi
judges’ workload » 65
judge-to-population ratio » 55
judicial management information system
High Court of Karnataka » 72
Law Commission » 71
Law Commission, ‘Arrears and Backlog’. » 71
Law Commission of India
245th report » 14
litigant’s interests » 3
litigating lawyer » xxxi
Lok Adalats » 65
National Arrears Grid » 26
national judicial data grid (NJDG) » 3
pending cases » 42
statistics » 3
subordinate court » 14
sustainable solution » 3
time-bound hearing » 73
time-bound hearing, filing of written submissions, time-bound pronouncement of judgments » 73
use of technology
computerisation » 72
vacancies » 69
Planning Commission » 58
R
Rule of Law project » xxviii, 3
dashboards and analytics » 4
data portal » xxviii
portal » 4