Detailed Contents

.E Chapter 1. The Indian Supreme Courts Use of. Dignity in Constitutional Reasoning 3
Vikram Aditya Narayan Introduction 3
Dignity in the Indian Constitution 4
Development of Dignity Jurisprudence in India 6
First Phase \ 1950…1970s\) 6 ( Second Phase \ 1970…present\ ) 10 ( Directive Principles an-.d Dign-.ity 13
Dignity as the Intrinsic Wort.h of the Human Being 15
Recent Developments in Di.gnity Jurisprudence 17
Conclusion 24
Chapter 2. Judicial Conceptualisation of Equality 27
Anindita Pattanayak and Harish Narasapp.a Introduction 27
Conceptu.alising Equality 30
Judicial Conceptualisation of Equality 35
The Role of Courts in Realising Equality 35 Equality as Protection of the Individual Against the Mighty State 35
Equality as Non-Discrimination 38
Looking beyond the Limited Grounds of Article Attack.ing Prejudice at Its Roots 40
Consti-.tutional. Equality to-. Bolster Soci-.al Justice Legislation 41
Equality as the Fair Distribution of Benefits 43
Equality as a Guarantee of Human Dignity 44
The Value of Dignity in Equality Jurisprudence 48

Detailed Contents

0 xxvi . with the Dignity Narrative 48
Dignity as a Search for an Un.enumerated Moral Value 50
Conclusion 54
Chapter 3. Evolution of Jurisprudence on Sexual Ha-.rassment of Women at the Workplace with Reference to Constitutional Values 57
Anagha Sarpotdar Introduction 57
Justice 58
Bhateri Gang Rape Case 60
Role of the Wo-.mens Movement in Gaining Guidelines 0 for Prevention-. and Redressal of Sexual Harassment of 0
Women at Wo.rkplace 60
Vision and Mi.ssion of Vishaka 61
Equality 63
Dignity 65
Implementa-.tion of Act and Impact on Consti-.tutional Values 68
Chapter 4. Regulation of Speech and Expression in India: From the First Amendment to the Hecklers Veto 75
Leah Verghese Introduction 75
Consti-.tutional. Protection-. of Free Speech 77
Regulation. of Films 79
Statutory Fram.ework 79
Judicial Interpretation 80
Hecklers Veto. 82
Regulation of Books 85
Statutory Fram.ework 85
Judicial Interp-.retation of the Provisions on Book Bans 86
Sp.ecial Categories of Offence 88
Hecklers Veto. 89
Conclusion 91

Detailed Contents

. Judicial Approach to Fr.ee Spee.ch in Contempt of Court Cases 95
M.V. Sundararaman and Varsha Manoj Introduction 95
Scope of Analysis 97
Introduction to the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 97
Brief History 98
Current Trends„Intention versus Effect 100
Defamation v. Denigration 102
Checks an-.d Ba-.lances 103
Attorney Generals Consent 103
Fair Criticism and Truth 104
Quantum of Punishment During Sentencing 107
Conclusion 107

GROUP IDENTITIES: [(BALANCIN)-6.1(G RIGHTS IN A DIVERSE SOCIET

Detailed Contents

0 xxviii to Temples: Balancing Individual and Group Rights 140
Transformative Constituti.on. 141
Understanding Discrimi nation and Freedom of Religion through Anti-Exclusion 144
Womens Entry into Places of Worship 145
Anti-Exclusi.on. Doctri ne: An Introduction 147
Anti-Exclusion and Article 17
Anti-exclusion. and Petiti.oners Belief 151
Conclusion 153
Chapter 8. Environmental Jurispru dence and Expansionary views on the Right to Life 155
G.R. Swaminathan Section I 155
Section II 156
Section III 160
Section IV 162
Section V 164
SYSTEMIC CONUNDRUMS: REIMAGINING RIGHTS Chapter 9. Court-Led Development of Participatory Democracy 169
Prashanto Sen Section I 169
Section II 170
Section III 173
Section IV 176
Section V 182
Chapter 10. Emerging Fault Lines between Parliament and Judiciary 185
Nikhil Majithia Introduction 185
Courts and Formation of Government 186
Powers of the Governor 186

Detailed Contents

.tionality of the Courts Role in Matters Concerning Government Formation 190
Functioning of. Parliament 194
Power of Expulsion 194
Money Bill 198
Conclusion 200
Chapter 11. Constitutional Conundrums Involving Corporate Insolvency 203
Umakanth Varottil and Rahul Sibal Introduction 203
Judicial Motiva-.tors fo r Legislative Deference 205
Consti-.tutional. Resoluti-.on of Conflic.ts between Corporate Debtors and Creditors 210
Consti.tutional Resolution of. Conflicts among Creditors 211
Constitutional.ity of the Rights and Responsibilities of Other St.akeholders 215
Consti-.tutional.ity of Di-.sput.e Resolution Mech.anisms and Procedural Matters 219
Conclusion 220
Chapter 12. Judicial Enga-.gement with Dissent in the Preventive Detention Era 223
Sithara Sarangan and Anindita Pattanayak Introduction 223
What are Preventive Detentio-.n Laws? 224
Problematic Trends in Prev-.en-.tive Detentio-.n Laws 225
Preventi-.ve Detention Laws Used to Suppress Dissent 227
Judicial Response to Protecting Speech in Preven-.tive Detention Cases 230
Recognis-.ing Preventi-.ve Detention as-. a Free Speech Issue 231
Vague Statutory Termin ology Enabling Excessive Executiv-.e Disc.retion 233 Excepti-.onalis-.in-.  Preventive Detention in-. Free Speech Law 235
Conclusion 238

Detailed Contents

0 xxx -.NAL RESPONSES: CONSTITUTIONAL VALUES IN FLUX Chapter 13. Challenges to Fundamental Rights in the Context of Globalisation and Liberalisation of the Indian Economy 243
Aakanksha Mishra Globalisation, Related Concepts, and Its Consequences 243
Adjudicating Constitutional Challenges to the Governments LPG Policies 245
Enforcement of Fundamental Rights Against Violations by. Private and Non-Stat.e Actors 251
Shifting Conception of Fund.amental Rights 251
Horizont.al Application of Fundamental Rights 252
Private Body brought under the Definition of State under Article 12 252
Direct Horizontality 253
Indirect Horizontality 254
Affirmative Obligations on the State 255
Application of Fund.amental Rights to Private Law 255
Recent Developments in the Horizontal Application of Fundamental Rights 257
Conclusion 259

Chapter 14. A Critical Examination of the Discourse of Indian Courts On \ De\crimi)nalisation (265

Shraddha Chaudhary Introduction 265
Judgment Analysis 267
The Criminalisation of Speech 267
Kedar Nath. Singh v. The State of Bihar 267
Subramanian Swamy v. Union of India 268
The Criminalisation of Intimacy and Sexuality 271
Naz Fo.undation 271
Navtej Johar 273
Criminalisation of Perso-.nal Choice 275

Detailed Contents

. Th.e State of Ma-.harashtra and Confederation of Indian Alcoholic Beverage Companies v. The State of Bihar 275
Offences against Marriage 277
Joseph Shine v. Union of India 277
Nadeem Khan v. Union of India 278
Criminalisation by the Court 279
Independent Thought v. Union of India 279
Conclusion 281

Chapter 15. Upholding Constitutional Values During-. COVID-19

S.S. Naganand and Sharada Naganand The Functioning of Cons.titutional Courts. prior to and during COVID-19

The Judiciary 2.0„Judi.ci.al Activism during COVI-.D and the Emergence of a New and Improved Judiciary 288
The Judiciarys Advent into the 21st Century 294

Failure of the Criminal and Civil Justice System during COVID-19

Expansion of Right to Life and the Role of the State 297

Chapter 16. Administering Virtual Justice in Times of Sufferi.ng During COVID--.19

Varsha Mahadeva Aithala and Siddharth Peter de Souza Introduction 301
Administerin. Justice in. a Crisis 305
The Digitised Judiciary, with the Promise of Digitalisation 305
The Impact of. a Digitised Judiciary on People 309
Lawyers Experiences 309
Did Litigants Experience Virtual Justice? 312
The Workings. of the Court and Its Adhoc Management. 316
On Thin.king about Suffering: Exclusions, Arbitrariness, and So.lutionism 319
Conclusion 322

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0 xxxii 323
Chronological list of the ma-.in SOPs, Circ.ulars, Orders and Notifications on the Operations of Virtual Courts in India 323
Supreme Court 323

High Courts and Su-.bordinate Courts 323 <0194>Tj ———— <0194>Tj T*